Feels like closing arguments.
Your fellowship begins with a character bearing The One Ring. This can be any character with the ringed resistance icon, or any version of Frodo. That character gains the keywords Ring-bearer and Ring-bound, if he does not already have them.
Sometimes game text is added to a card by an effect, even though that text is not printed on that card.
In other words, if
Bearer of Great Need is bearing The One Ring, the ringed resistance icon adds the keywords Ring-bearer and Ring-bound to his game text.
Helpless makes his game text not apply, which includes these keywords. The ringed resistance icon is not affected, but the game simply can't "see" the added keywords. This is similar to a situation where an
Orc bearing
Orkish Hunting Spear ("bearer gains Hunter X") is targeted by
Phial of Galadriel, Star-glass. Even though
OHS is unaffected, the Orc still loses the hunter bonus, because the bonus is considered to be part of his game text.
Now I think that's the strict interpretation, but if we guess the designers' intent, I doubt they meant for a situation to arise where the Ring-bearer keyword can be lost.
Helpless requires spotting Frodo, which may have been intended to prevent this situation once Sam receives the Ring (which I overlooked earlier). So disregarding the rules, I think Sam should keep his Ring-bearer keyword.
As Dain mentioned the Ring-bound keyword is a gray area, and I gave an example earlier where Ring-bearer could be kept while Ring-bound is lost. But honestly, I think
Helpless is the only card that could fuddle with this issue, and it originally couldn't even play on Sam after he received the Ring. So while we're fuddling with the rules, we might as well let him keep Ring-bound as well.
In a nutshell:
Rules: loses Ring-bearer, loses Ring-bound.
Changing the Ring-bearer definition: keeps the Ring-bearer status (but loses the keyword), possibly loses Ring-bound.
Intent: keeps Ring-bearer, keeps Ring-bound.
If I was playing against someone, I'd go with intent. Ring-bearer and Ring-bound stay, and a CRD entry gets added.